Tag: Grasshopper

Predicted Grasshopper Development

As a result of warmer than normal temperatures, grasshopper development continues to be well ahead of normal in 2023. This year, adults have occurred much earlier than normal (middle of June in some locations!) and simulations also indicate that adult females have begun laying eggs much earlier than normal.

The oviposition index provides a relative comparison of grasshopper oviposition rates across the prairies. The oviposition index predicts that oviposition should be occurring across the prairies, and that egg production should be greatest across southern regions of Alberta (Fig. 1), as of August 20, 2023. Egg production should also be high in areas of southern Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba, assuming that grasshoppers are present.

Figure 1. Grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) oviposition index across the Canadian prairies as of Augst 20, 2023. Higher ovipositional index values indicate greater potential for oviposition (egg-laying). 

Compared to a ‘normal’ year (based on 30-year long-term average weather data), the potential for grasshopper oviposition in 2023 in August has been very high. In a ‘normal’ year, the grasshopper development model predicts that oviposition would be underway in early August, but only in the southern region of the prairies, and with a lower average oviposition index (Fig. 2) than predicted for 2023 (Fig. 1).

Figure 2. Long-term average predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) oviposition index across the Canadian prairies as of August 20 (based on climate normals). Higher ovipositional index values indicate greater potential for oviposition. 

Geospatial maps are a tool to help time in-field scouting on a regional scale but grasshopper development and population densities can vary from place to place. Scouting is required to accurately assess the stage of grasshopper development and to estimate grasshopper densities.

Information about grasshoppers and grasshopper monitoring is available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network, in the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, and Manitoba Agriculture. 

2023 Week 15 (Released August 17, 2023)

Insect scouting season continues, even though harvest has already started in some regions! Development of many pest insects has been ahead of schedule all year in most parts of the prairies, thanks to warmer than average weather during this growing season.

Adult grasshoppers are now in flight and will be laying eggs across the prairie region. Scouting individual fields is the best way to estimate crop risk. At this time of year, we start to look forward to next season. Insect surveyors are working to estimate grasshopper populations in ditches/roadsides and may be collecting samples of adult grasshoppers for species identification.

Aside from grasshoppers, fall surveys for wheat midge and wheat stem sawfly will begin as harvest is completed in Alberta and Saskatchewan. This week, the Insect of the Week post features wheat stem sawfly, including information about how to estimate their population densities in the fall.

Diamondback moth, if present, are into the fourth non-migrant generation across most of the prairies now and could be starting a fifth generation in some southern parts of the prairies. Keep in mind that diamondback moth develop quickly in warm weather which could lead to rapidly increasing populations over the summer.

On the topic of diamondback moths, Dr. Maya Evenden’s lab at the University of Alberta is conducting research on diamondback moth, flea beetles, and alfalfa weevil. Learn more about Maya’s research program in this week’s Prairie Research post.

Use the links in the Provincial Insect Updates post to learn more about what is happening with populations of insect pests (and beneficial insects) in your province.

Remember:

1) There are many resources available to help with planning for late-season insecticide applications to ensure Pre-Harvest Interval requirements are met.

2) Insect Monitoring Protocols containing information about in-field scouting as well as information about insect pest biology and identification are available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.

To receive Weekly Updates automatically, please subscribe to the website!

Questions or problems accessing the contents of this Weekly Update? Please contact Dr. Meghan Vankosky (meghan.vankosky@agr.gc.ca) to get connected to our information. Past Weekly Updates, full of information and helpful links, can be accessed on our Weekly Update page.

2023 Week 14 (Released August 10, 2023)

Insect scouting season continues! Development of many pest insects (and of their host crops) is ahead of schedule this year, thanks to warmer than average weather during this growing season.

Adult grasshoppers are now in flight and are expected to be busy reproducing across the prairie region. Scouting individual fields is important to best estimate crop risk. At this time of year, we start to look forward to next season. Insect surveyors are now working to estimate grasshopper populations in ditches/roadsides and may be collecting samples of adult grasshoppers for species identification.

Diamondback moth, if present, are into the fourth non-migrant generation across most of the prairies now. Keep in mind that diamondback moth develop quickly in warm weather which could lead to rapidly increasing populations over the summer.

Use the links in the Provincial Insect Updates post to learn more about what is happening with insect pest (and beneficial insect) populations in your province.

Remember: 1) there are many resources available to help with planning for late-season insecticide applications to ensure Pre-Harvest Interval requirements are met, and 2) insect Monitoring Protocols containing information about in-field scouting as well as information about insect pest biology and identification are available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.

Finally, due to the long weekend and my departure for southern Saskatchewan early on Tuesday morning (to help with the aforementioned grasshopper survey), I wasn’t able to post the Insect of the Week until today. This week, we feature Aphidius spp. parasitoids, an important natural enemy of aphids.

To receive Weekly Updates automatically, please subscribe to the website!

Questions or problems accessing the contents of this Weekly Update? Please contact Dr. Meghan Vankosky (meghan.vankosky@agr.gc.ca) to get connected to our information. Past Weekly Updates, full of information and helpful links, can be accessed on our Weekly Update page.

Predicted Grasshopper Development

As a result of warmer than normal temperatures, grasshopper development continues to be well ahead of normal in 2023. This year, adults have occurred much earlier than normal (middle of June in some locations!) and simulations also indicate that adult females have begun laying eggs much earlier than normal. As of August 6, 2023, grasshopper models predict that grasshoppers oviposition is now occurring across most of the prairies (Fig. 1), assuming grasshoppers are present. Using an oviposition index, the model indicates the greatest potential for grasshopper oviposition in southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba.

Figure 1. Grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) oviposition index across the Canadian prairies as of Augst 6, 2023. Higher ovipositional index values indicate greater potential for oviposition. 

Compared to a ‘normal’ year (based on 30-year long-term average weather data), the potential for grasshopper oviposition in 2023 in early August is very high. In a ‘normal’ year, the grasshopper development model predicts that oviposition would be underway in early August, but only in the southern region of the prairies, and with a lower average oviposition index (Fig. 2) than predicted for 2023 (Fig. 1).

Figure 2. The predicted oviposition index for grasshoppers (Melanoplus sanguinipes) across the Canadian prairies as of August 6, predicted using long-term average (i.e., climate normals) weather data. Higher ovipositional index values indicate greater potential for oviposition. 

Geospatial maps are a tool to help time in-field scouting on a regional scale but grasshopper development and population densities can vary from place to place. Scouting is required to accurately assess the stage of grasshopper development and to estimate grasshopper densities.

Information about grasshoppers and grasshopper monitoring is available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network, in the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, and Manitoba Agriculture. 

2023 Week 13 (Released August 3, 2023)

Insect scouting season continues! Development of many pest insects (and of their host crops) is ahead of schedule this year, thanks to warmer than average weather during this growing season.

Between fieldwork and summer vacations, this Weekly Update is a short one. Thankfully, Shelley Barkley (Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation), James Tansey (Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture) and John Gavloski (Manitoba Agriculture) have kindly shared information about what they are seeing for insect pests in their respective prairie provinces.

Adult grasshoppers are now in flight and are expected to be busy reproducing across the prairie region. Scouting individual fields is important to best estimate crop risk. Information about grasshoppers and grasshopper monitoring is available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network, in the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, and Manitoba Agriculture. 

Adult (brown with fully developed wings) and immature (green with wing ‘nubs’). Picture by Meghan Vankosky, AAFC-Saskatoon.

Diamondback moth, if present, should now be well into their fourth generation across the prairies. As warm temperatures prevail, remember that diamondback moth develop from eggs to adults quickly and the population increases with each generation. Scout canola fields for diamondback moth larvae. To scout for diamondback moth, estimate the number of diamondback moth larvae per m2 at several locations in a field. The economic threshold for diamondback moth is NOT based on pheromone traps or sweep net samples, but on the density of larvae per plant. For immature and flowering canola, the economic threshold is 100-150 larvae/m2. In podded canola, the economic threshold is 200-300 larvae/m2. See the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide and monitoring protocol for more information about scouting for diamondback moth.

Watch out for Invasive and Migrating Insects! If you suspect that you have found any of the insects on the Prairie Region Poster, please let us know using the form linked to the QR code on the poster. Note: many of us entomologists on the prairies are members of the Insect Surveillance Community of Practice!

On the topic of invasive insects, August is Tree Check Month! The Prairie Region Poster (and posters for BC, Ontario & Quebec, and Atlantic Canada) include invasive insect pests that could affect our forests in Canada.

Remember: 1) there are many resources available to help with planning for late-season insecticide applications to ensure Pre-Harvest Interval requirements are met, and 2) insect Monitoring Protocols containing information about in-field scouting as well as information about insect pest biology and identification are available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.

To receive Weekly Updates automatically, please subscribe to the website!

Questions or problems accessing the contents of this Weekly Update? Please contact Dr. Meghan Vankosky (meghan.vankosky@agr.gc.ca) to get connected to our information. Past Weekly Updates, full of information and helpful links, can be accessed on our Weekly Update page.

Provincial Insect Updates

In Alberta, grasshopper population densities are high in the southeast and southcentral municipalities and the Agricultural Fieldmen are now starting to survey for adult grasshopper populations. There have been reports of wheat head armyworm in the central Peace River region, but there have also been Cotesia parasitoid cocoons in those fields, which is a good sign in terms of natural control of the armyworm population. Tiger moth caterpillars have also been reported in the central Peace River region; these are not typically pests but are interesting as they have been feeding on wild buckwheat.

Visit the Alberta Insect Pest Monitoring Network and Crop Insects pages for information about insects and monitoring in Alberta, including links for live maps from the 2023 monitoring season for diamondback moth, bertha armyworm, cutworms, and cabbage seedpod weevil.

Grasshopper densities are high in many parts of the prairies this year, especially now that adult grasshoppers are able to fly to disperse. With adults present, egg laying is likely to be underway. Picture by Jonathon Williams, AAFC-Saskatoon.

In Saskatchewan, grasshopper population densities are particularly high in the southern and central regions. Ripening canola crops are currently playing host to crickets (reported consuming pods), crucifer flea beetles, diamondback moth and Lygus bugs. Densities of diamondback moth and Lyugs have been economically significant in some regions, so scouting is important. Pea aphid and cereal aphid numbers appear to be increasing in some parts of the province, so scouting for these pests in their respective host crops is also important as the growing season winds down. There have been four reports of Hessian fly in Saskatchewan this summer.

Saskatchewan Crop Production News issues are now online! There are links on the Crop Production News page so that interested readers can subscribe to the newsletter or read issues from past years.

A diamondback moth larva on a canola leaf. Population densities are high in some fields and scouting is needed to avoid unpleasant surprises. Picture by Jonathon Williams, AAFC-Saskatoon.

In Manitoba, aphid population densities have been high enough to warrant control in small grain cereal crops in some regions, especially where crops were planted late and crops are still in vulnerable stages. Where there are a lot of aphids in fields, there have also been lots of lady beetle larvae and aphid mummies (resulting from aphids being attacked by parasitoids). A few fields in the Cypress River/Balder area of Manitoba have been sprayed for bertha armyworm. Some canola fields have been sprayed for diamondback moth and Lygus bugs in the Eastern region, and for diamondback moth in the Interlake region. Like in Saskatchewan, crucifer flea beetles are now active again, and are feeding on green canola.  A soybean field in the Central region of Manitoba was treated for spider mites. Some insecticide applications for banded sunflower moth have occurred in the Eastern region. Grasshoppers are numerous in crops in some areas, and pastures in some areas have been sprayed for grasshoppers. John spotted some dead grasshoppers clinging to the upper leaves of plants that were infected with the pathogen Entomophaga grylii, but the incidence of infection has been low so far this year. Scout for aphids in cereal crops and for a variety of insects in canola fields.

Weekly Manitoba Crop Pest Updates for 2023 are available online with timely updates about insect pests, weeds, and plant pathogens. Watch their website for new Crop Pest Updates (usually published on Wednesdays this year).

Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper risk may be significant for large areas of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba. In 2023, grasshoppers developed to the adult stage earlier than normal (by nearly 2 weeks!) and high densities of grasshoppers have been observed in many regions. Grasshoppers are exacerbating crop yield losses in drought-affected areas.

Model simulations were used to estimate the developmental stage of grasshoppers as of July 23, 2023. Simulations indicate that 54% of the prairie population should be in the adult stage (51% last week). Grasshopper development continues to be well ahead of average in 2023. For example, in an average year, based on long-term average weather, we would expect only 10% of the population to be in the adult stage at the end of July.

Following early development to the adult stage, grasshopper reproduction is now expected to be underway. Our grasshopper model indicates that oviposition has begun across most of the prairies (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Proportion (%) of the migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) population expected to be in the egg stage across the Canadian prairies as of July 23, 2023. 

Geospatial maps are a tool to help time in-field scouting on a regional scale but grasshopper development and population densities can vary from place to place. Scouting is required to accurately assess the stage of grasshopper development and to estimate grasshopper densities.

Information about grasshoppers and grasshopper monitoring is available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network, in the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, and Manitoba Agriculture. 

Predicted Grasshopper Development

Based on earlier than normal appearance of adults, high densities and drought conditions, grasshopper risk continues to increase and may be significant for large areas of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba. Model simulations were used to estimate development of grasshoppers as of July 16, 2023. As a result of warmer than normal temperatures, grasshopper development continues to be well ahead of average. Simulations indicate that 51% of the prairie population should now be in the adult stage (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Predicted migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development, presented as the percentage of the population in the adult stage, across the Canadian prairies as of July 16, 2023. 

In contrast, in a ‘normal’ year we would expect that 60% of the population would be in the fourth or fifth instar, with less than 5% of the population in the adult stage in mid-July (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Predicted migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development, presented as the percentage of the population in the adult stage, across the Canadian prairies as of July 16 in a ‘normal’ year, based on long-term average weather data. 

Geospatial maps are a tool to help time in-field scouting on a regional scale but grasshopper development and population densities can vary over relatively small distances. Scouting is required to accurately assess the stage of grasshopper development and estimate their densities.

Information about grasshoppers and grasshopper monitoring is available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network, in the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, and Manitoba Agriculture. 

Predicted Grasshopper Development

Model simulations were used to estimate the status of grasshopper development as of July 9, 2023. As a result of warmer than normal temperatures, grasshopper development continues to be well ahead of average. As of July 9. 2023, the average predicted instar for grasshopper populations across the prairies is 4.9, which is significantly greater than the long term average of 3.1 for this time of year. Simulations indicate that 70% of the prairie population should be in the fifth instar or adult stage (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development, presented as average instar, across the Canadian prairies as of July 9, 2023. 

In a ‘normal’ year, we would expect that 57% of the grasshopper population would be in the third or fourth instar in early July (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. In an average year (based on 30-year average weather or climate normals), we expect that about 57% of the grasshopper population would be in the third or fourth instar in early July, as pictured here on the map. In contrast, in 2023, warm weather has significantly sped up the rate of grasshopper development (Fig. 1). 

Reports from across the prairies indicate that adult grasshoppers are now occurring. This is much earlier than normal, but agrees with our model simulations, which predict that adult grasshoppers are now occurring across most of the prairies (Fig. 3). Based on earlier than normal appearance of adults, high densities and drought conditions, grasshopper risk may be significant for large areas of Alberta and Saskatchewan as well as southern Manitoba. 

Figure 3. The proportion (%) of the migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) population expected to be in the adult stage across the Canadian prairies as of July 9, 2023. 

Models and geospatial maps are tools to help time in-field scouting on a regional scale but grasshopper development and population densities can vary even between relatively close locations. Thus, grasshopper populations are best assessed through scouting. Monitor roadsides and field margins to assess the developmental stage and densities of local grasshopper populations.  

Information about grasshoppers and grasshopper monitoring is available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, and Manitoba Agriculture and in the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide.

Grasshoppers

Development of the pest grasshoppers continues to be ahead of schedule in 2023, as compared to past years. The first adult two-striped grasshoppers (Melonplus bivittatus) were collected on June 15 (Alberta) and June 19-20 (Saskatchewan). No one that we’ve spoken to remembers finding adult two-striped grasshoppers in June before. Especially in the southern prairies, densities are quite high and crop damage is being reported, as well as spraying to protect crops.

Model simulations were used to estimate development of grasshoppers as of July 2, 2023 and indicate that about 75% of the prairie grasshopper population should be in the 4th or 5th instar (Fig. 1). In an average year, we would expect 52% of the prairie grasshopper population to be in the 2nd or 3rd instar in early July (Fig. 2).

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development, presented as average instar, across the Canadian prairies as of July 2, 2023. 
Figure 2. In an average year (based on 30-year average weather or climate normals), about 50% of the grasshopper population would be expected to be in the second or third instar in early July as pictured here on the map. In contrast, in 2023, warm weather has significantly sped up the rate of grasshopper development.

Reports of adult occurrence suggest that adults are occurring much earlier than normal. The grasshopper model, developed for pest grasshoppers, indicates that adult grasshoppers should now be occurring across most of the southern prairies (Fig. 3).  

Figure 3. Predicted migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development, presented as the percent of the population that now in the adult stage, across the Canadian prairies as of July 2, 2023. 

Geospatial maps are a tool to help time in-field scouting on a regional scale but grasshopper development can vary and is only accurately assessed through scouting. In Saskatchewan, grasshoppers have be observed in field crops. Monitor roadsides and field margins to assess the development and densities of local grasshopper populations.  

Information about grasshoppers and grasshopper monitoring is available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network, in the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, and Manitoba Agriculture. 

Grasshoppers, bertha armyworm, and diamondback moth

Grasshoppers

Development of the pest grasshoppers continues to be ahead of schedule in 2023, as compared to past years. The first adult two-striped grasshoppers (Melonplus bivittatus) were collected on June 15 (Alberta) and June 19-20 (Saskatchewan). No one that we’ve spoken to remembers finding adult two-striped grasshoppers in June before. Especially in the south, densities are quite high and crop damage is being reported, as well as spraying to protect crops.

Model simulations for grasshopper development indicate that grasshoppers should range from first to fifth instars with some adults now present at many locations across the prairies, as of June 25. Based on average instar, development is most advanced across the southern prairies where 65% of the population is predicted to be fourth and 5th instar, with some adults also present (Fig. 1). In an ‘average year’, the majority of the grasshopper population (60%) would typically be in the first, second, and third instars in late June.

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development, presented as average instar, across the Canadian prairies as of June 25, 2023. 

Based on occurrence of fifth instar grasshoppers, development is most advanced across southern Manitoba (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Predicted migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development, presented as the percent of the population in the fifth instar, across the Canadian prairies as of June 25, 2023. 

Adult two-striped grasshoppers (Melanoplus bivittatus) and migratory grasshoppers (M. sanguinipes) have been observed across the southern prairies.   

Information about grasshoppers and grasshopper monitoring is available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network, in the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, and Manitoba Agriculture. 

Bertha armyworm

Last week, models predicted that first instar bertha armyworm larvae might be present in some areas of the prairies. Bertha armyworm larvae could also be developing quickly, thanks to warm weather. The network of pheromone traps across the prairies is reporting low numbers of adults (less than 300 cumulative catch), including in Manitoba (check out the June 21 Manitoba Crop Pest Update) and Alberta. Risk to yield from bertha armyworm increases when cumulative trap catches exceed 300 (300-900 = medium risk, >900 = high risk). For information about scouting, check out the PPMN protocol and the Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation pages.

Diamondback moth

Some areas of the prairies might be at risk of damage from diamondback moth; pheromone traps with cumulative counts greater than 25 male moths so far in 2023 are located around Rosetown and Swift Current in Saskatchewan, in the Vulcan area in Alberta, and in the Central, Eastern, and Interlake regions in Manitoba (see the June 21 Manitoba Crop Pest Update). Like grasshoppers and bertha armyworm, diamond back moth development occurs quickly in warm weather. Last week, we predicted that diamondback moths had reached the second non-migrant generation and we heard of some sightings of larvae in some areas of the prairies. Because diamondback moth can have multiple generations in a single growing season, their populations can build up quickly. Keep scouting for diamondback moth to avoid unpleasant surprises later this summer.

To scout for diamondback moth, estimate the number of diamondback moth larvae per m2 at several locations in a field. The economic threshold for diamondback moth is NOT based on pheromone traps or sweep net samples, but on the density of larvae per plant. For immature and flowering canola, the economic threshold is 100-150 larvae/m2. In podded canola, the economic threshold is 200-300 larvae/m2. See the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide and monitoring protocol for more information about scouting for diamondback moth.

Predicted Grasshopper Development

Model simulations were used to estimate development of grasshoppers as of June 18, 2023. Warm temperatures continue to promote rapid grasshopper development. Model runs suggest that this spring’s hatch is 99% complete. As of June 18, grasshoppers should range from first to fourth instars. Based on average instar, development is most advanced across the southern prairies where 70% of the population is predicted to be third and fourth instars (Fig. 1). The model indicates that grasshopper development should be most advanced near Morden, Manitoba and Kindersley, Saskatchewan.

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development, presented as average instar, across the Canadian prairies as of June 18, 2023. 

Entomologists across western Canada are closely watching the grasshopper situation. The first adult two-striped grasshopper was found in southern Alberta on June 15 (first reported on Twitter by Dr. Dan Johnson, University of Lethbridge) and in southern Saskatchewan on June 20 (reported by Taylor Dzikowski and Ross Weiss, both from AAFC-Saskatoon).

An adult two-striped grasshopper, Melanoplus bivittatus. Picture credit: Meghan Vankosky, AAFC-Saskatoon.

Geospatial maps, like that in Fig. 1, are tools to help time in-field scouting on a regional scale. However,  grasshopper development can vary from region to region and from field to field. To best assess local grasshopper development, scouting is required. In Saskatchewan, grasshoppers have already been observed in field crops in some regions and there have been reports of spraying for grasshoppers in some areas. Scout or monitor grasshopper populations in roadsides and field margins to assess the development and densities of local grasshopper populations. 

Information about grasshoppers and grasshopper monitoring is available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network, in the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, and Manitoba Agriculture. 

Predicted Grasshopper Development

Model simulations were used to estimate development of grasshoppers as of June 11, 2023. Well above normal temperatures across the prairies continue to result in rapid grasshopper development. Model runs suggest that this spring’s hatch is almost complete. As of June 11, grasshopper nymphs should range from the first to fourth instar in many locations on the prairies. Based on average instar, development is most advanced across the southern prairies where populations should consist of mainly third and fourth instar nymphs (Fig. 1). 

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development, presented as average instar, across the Canadian prairies as of June 11, 2023. 

At some locations between in central Saskatchewan (between Saskatoon and Swift Current), some fifth instar grasshopper nymphs have been captured in sweep net samples and the number of nymphs in the fourth instar has increased. Two-striped grasshoppers continue to be most prevalent in this region, but more first instar nymphs of the other primary pest species were observed in ditches in Saskatchewan this week. From the roadsides, there were some signs of grasshopper damage to crop plants, including canola, along field edges.

Models and geospatial maps are tools to help time in-field scouting on a regional scale but grasshopper development can vary and is only accurately assessed through scouting. Producers are advised to monitor roadsides and field margins to assess the development and densities of local grasshopper populations. Due to the small size, it may be difficult to visually observe first and second instar grasshoppers in roadside vegetation and field margins. If possible, grasshopper assessments should be conducted with sweep nets. This will permit assessment of grasshopper densities, stage and species present.  

Information about grasshoppers and grasshopper monitoring is available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network, in the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, and Manitoba Agriculture.

2023 Week 5 (Released June 8, 2023)

Insect scouting and monitoring season is getting into full swing!

Weather patterns in May and so far in June have been perfect for the development of some insect pests, but suboptimal for others. However, it is hard to generalize, as some parts of the prairies have been wet and others dry. Similarly, some areas have been very warm, while others have been cooler. This year it will be very important to scout and to monitor insect populations at the field-scale.

Grasshoppers thrive in warm, dry conditions. This week, some 4th instar nymphs were spotted in ditches in southwestern Saskatchewan, although there are many first, second and some third instar nymphs as well. Signs of damage are starting to appear. Overall grasshopper development continues to be ahead of schedule and two-striped grasshoppers continue to be prevalent.  

Diamondback moths that arrived in early May have likely reproduced and adult moths found now could be from the first generation produced on the prairies. Diamondback moths develop rapidly when it is warm and their population densities can build up quickly with each generation. Be ready to scout if pheromone traps in your area have detected diamondback moths this spring.  

Bertha armyworm development is also well ahead of schedule – pupal development could be 90% complete in some areas and adult moths could already be flying around. Watch the provincial websites in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba for reports on bertha armyworm pheromone trap captures for your area over the next few weeks.

This week, the Insect of the Week featured ground beetles and rove beetles! Both can prey on different life stages of the pea leaf weevil and on other insect pests (and slugs!).

 Please read this week’s posts in the Weekly Update for more information about the insects listed above and for a sneak peak of wheat midge development!

Remember, insect Monitoring Protocols containing helpful insect pest biology, how and when to plan for in-field scouting, and economic thresholds to help support in-field management decisions. All are available to read or download for free!

To receive Weekly Updates automatically, please subscribe to the website!

Questions or problems accessing the contents of this Weekly Update? Please contact Dr. Meghan Vankosky (meghan.vankosky@agr.gc.ca) to get connected to our information. Past Weekly Updates, full of information and helpful links, can be accessed on our Weekly Update page.

Predicted grasshopper development

Model simulations were used to estimate development of grasshoppers as of June 4, 2023. Compared with average spring temperatures, well above normal temperatures across the prairies continue to result in rapid grasshopper development. Model runs suggest that this spring’s hatch is still proceeding with 68% of the hatch now complete (Fig. 1). In an average year, only 6% of the grasshopper hatch would be completed by this time in June. Hatch is predicted to be well underway across Alberta, western regions of Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) hatch (%) across the Canadian prairies as of June 4, 2023. 

As of June 4, 32% of the grasshopper population is predicted to be in the egg stage, 34% first instar, 21% second instar, 12% third instar and 0.5% in the fourth instar. Based on average instar, development is most advanced across Alberta and a large area of Saskatchewan (Fig. 2). Field observations from June 7, 2023 agree with the model predictions.

Figure 2. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development, presented as average instar, across the Canadian prairies as of June 4, 2023. 

In contrast to 2023, in an average year, most of the grasshopper population would still be in the egg stage or in the first instar stage at this time in early June.

Geospatial maps and model predictions are tools to help time in-field scouting on a regional scale but grasshopper development can vary and is only accurately assessed through scouting. Monitor roadsides and field margins to assess the development and densities of local grasshopper populations. Due to their small size, it may be difficult to visually observe first and second instar grasshoppers in roadside vegetation and field margins. If possible, use a sweep net to sample grasshoppers in ditches and along the edges of crops. Sweep net sampling allows for easier assessments of grasshopper densities at this time of year. Using the grasshoppers collected in sweep nets, we can also determine which life stages are present (which nymphal instars) and the species that are present. Information about grasshoppers and monitoring is available from the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network, in the Field Crop and Forage Pests guide, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, and Manitoba Agriculture.

Predicted grasshopper development

Over the past 5-7 days we have conducted a roadside survey for grasshoppers in west-central Saskatchewan. Numbers and development were higher than normal. First and second instar nymphs were found at all locations and many sites had low numbers of third instar grasshopper nymphs. We generally do not see third instars until mid-June! Many locations had high numbers of first instars suggesting that the hatch is still progressing. Melanoplus bivittatus, the two-striped grasshopper, was the most common species at all locations sampled in Saskatchewan in the last five days.   

An adult two-striped grasshopper, Melanoplus bivittatus. Photo credit: Meghan Vankosky, AAFC-Saskatoon.

Our observations in the field over the last week agree with the model simulation used to estimate the status of grasshopper development as of May 28, 2023. Grasshopper development is progressing rapidly where temperatures have been well above normal in Alberta and western Saskatchewan. Model runs for 2023 suggest that egg development is 87% complete, on average. At the end of May in an average year, we would expect egg development to be only 72% complete. Recent warm conditions across southern Manitoba have also resulted in faster development rates for eggs.

Grasshopper eggs are now hatching across Alberta and in western and central regions of Saskatchewan (Fig. 1). Hatch rates are well ahead of expected hatch rates based on long-term average weather conditions. In central and eastern regions and across most of Manitoba, hatch is predicted to be less than 15% but hatch rate is increasing (15-45%) in southern Manitoba after some warmer weather last week.

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) hatch (%) across the Canadian prairies as of May 28, 2023. 

2023 is shaping up to be an interesting year for grasshoppers and prairie farmers should be prepared to scout for grasshoppers, especially if conditions remain warmer and drier than normal. For more information about grasshopper scouting, biology, and management in your province (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba), please check out their resources available online.

Predicted grasshopper development

Model simulations were used to estimate development of grasshoppers as of May 21, 2023. Compared with average spring temperatures, well above normal temperatures in Alberta and western Saskatchewan have contributed to rapid grasshopper egg development (Fig. 1) that is well ahead of what we would expect at this time in an average growing season (Fig. 2). Average egg development for the prairies is 81% complete. The model predicts that egg development is well ahead of the long-term value of 67% complete for this time of year. Cool conditions in Manitoba have resulted in slower development rates that are similar to long-term average development rates.

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian prairies as of May 21, 2023.  

Figure 2. Long-term average predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian prairies as of May 21, based on climate normals data.  

As a result of above normal temperatures, model predictions indicate that grasshopper eggs have already started to hatch, especially in Alberta and western Saskatchewan (Fig. 3). Model simulations suggest that hatch rates are 15-35% across the Peace River region. This is well ahead of long-term average hatch rates and we already have reports of grasshopper nymphs found along roadsides and field edges in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Prairie farmers should be prepared to scout for grasshoppers for the next 2-3 weeks, especially if conditions remain warmer and drier than normal. 

Figure 3. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) hatch (%) across the Canadian prairies as of May 21, 2023. 

Predicted Grasshopper Development

The grasshopper model predicts development of the migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) and closely related species using biological parameters known for the pest species and environmental data observed across the Canadian prairies on a daily basis. Review lifecycle and damage information for this pest. Review the historical grasshopper maps based on late-summer adult in-field counts performed across the prairies. Results from the 2022 late-summer adult grasshopper survey are shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 1. Adult grasshopper densities in late summer of 2022.

Model simulations were used to estimate development of grasshopper eggs as of May 7, 2023. Compared with average spring temperatures, well above normal temperatures in Alberta and western Saskatchewan thus far this spring are predicted to result in rapid grasshopper egg development (Fig. 2). As a result, grasshopper egg development in 2023 is expected to be advanced as compared to egg development in average growing seasons (Fig. 3). Cool conditions in Manitoba have resulted in slower rates of egg development. Areas with the highest adult grasshopper densities in summer 2022 (Fig. 1) overlap with regions where egg development is predicted to be most advanced so far in spring 2023 (Fig. 2). Based on the 2022 survey, high densities were reported across a large region that extended south of the Yellowhead Highway corridor to the Canada-USA border (Fig. 1).

Prairie farmers should be prepared to scout for grasshoppers in spring and early summer this year, especially if conditions remain warmer and drier than normal.

Figure 2. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian Prairies as of May 7, 2023.

Figure 3. Long-term average predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian prairies as of May 7, 2023, based on climate normals data.

Grasshopper Scouting Tips:
● Review grasshopper diversity and photos of nymphs, adults, and non-grasshopper species to aid in-field scouting from egg hatch and onwards.
● Access the PPMN’s Grasshopper Monitoring Protocol as a guide to help implement in-field monitoring.
● Review grasshopper lifecycle, damage and scouting and economic thresholds to support sound management decisions enabling the preservation of beneficial arthropods and mitigation of economic losses.

Predicted grasshopper development

The grasshopper (Acrididae: Melanoplus sanguinipes) model predicts development using biological parameters known for the pest species and environmental data observed across the Canadian prairies on a daily basis. Review lifecycle and damage information for this pest. Review the historical grasshopper maps based on late-summer adult in-field counts performed across the prairies.

Model simulations were used to estimate percent grasshopper embryonic (egg) development as of May 15, 2022. Model results indicate that egg development ranges between 55 and 71 % across most of the prairies (average=61 %) (Fig. 1). Based on climate normals data, long-term average egg development should be 60 % (Fig. 2). Cool conditions in Manitoba and the Peace River region have resulted in slower development rates. The simulation indicates that egg development is greater than average across southern Alberta (Fig. 2). This region has had the least amount of rain over the past 30 days.

Grasshopper risk can be greater when conditions are warm and dry. The initial hatch may begin this week near Medicine Hat and Brooks in Alberta.

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian prairies as of May 15, 2022.
Figure 2. Long-term average predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian prairies as of May 15 based on climate normals data.

Grasshopper Scouting Tips:
● Review grasshopper diversity and photos of nymphs, adults, and non-grasshopper species to aid in-field scouting from egg hatch and onwards.
● Access the PPMN’s Grasshopper Monitoring Protocol as a guide to help implement in-field monitoring.
● Review grasshopper lifecycle, damage and scouting and economic thresholds to support sound management decisions enabling the preservation of beneficial arthropods and mitigation of economic losses.

Biological and monitoring information (including tips for scouting and economic thresholds) related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture, and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also, refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” (2018) accessible as a free downloadable PDF in either English or French on our new Field Guides page.

Predicted grasshopper development

The grasshopper (Acrididae: Melanoplus sanguinipes) model predicts development using biological parameters known for the pest species and environmental data observed across the Canadian prairies on a daily basis. Review lifecycle and damage information for this pest. Review the historical grasshopper maps based on late-summer adult in-field counts performed across the prairies.

As of May 8, 2022, the model simulation indicates that egg development is most advanced in southern Alberta (Fig. 1). Cool conditions in Manitoba have resulted in slower development rates. Egg development is expected to range from 50 and 65 % across most of the prairies (average = 59 %). Based on climate normals data, long-term average development should be 57 % (Fig. 2).

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian prairies as of May 8, 2022.
Figure 2. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian prairies as of May 8 based on long-term average (climate normals) data.

Grasshopper Scouting Tips:
● Review grasshopper diversity and photos of nymphs, adults, and non-grasshopper species to aid in-field scouting from egg hatch and onwards.
● Access the PPMN’s Grasshopper Monitoring Protocol as a guide to help implement in-field monitoring.
● Review grasshopper lifecycle, damage and scouting and economic thresholds to support sound management decisions enabling the preservation of beneficial arthropods and mitigation of economic losses.

Biological and monitoring information (including tips for scouting and economic thresholds) related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture, and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also, refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” (2018) accessible as a free downloadable PDF in either English or French on our new Field Guides page.

Predicted grasshopper development

Model simulations were used to estimate grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development as of June 27, 2021. The development of grasshopper nymphs, based on average instar, should be most advanced across southern Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan (Figure 1). Grasshopper populations south of Winnipeg are predicted to be mostly in the 4th and 5th instar stages. Across the prairies, nymph development, as of June 27, 2021 is well ahead of long term average values (Figure 2).

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development, presented as the average instar, across the Canadian prairies as of June 27, 2021.
Figure 2. Long term average predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) development, presented as the average instar, across the Canadian prairies as of June 27, based on climate normals data.

The model was projected to July 13 to determine potential development at Saskatoon and Grande Prairie over the next two weeks. Results suggest that by July 13, Saskatoon populations will primarily be in the fourth and fifth instars with first appearance of adults (Figure 3). Development near Grande Prairie is predicted to be slower, with populations being mostly in the third and fourth instars (Figure 4). Producers are advised to monitor roadsides and field margins to assess the development and densities of local grasshopper populations.

Figure 3. Predicted development, presented as the average instar, of Melanoplus sanguinipes populations near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan as of June 27, 2021 (projected to July 13, 2021).
Figure 4. Predicted development, presented as the average instar, of Melanoplus sanguinipes populations near Grande Prairie, Alberta as of June 27, 2021 (projected to July 13, 2021).

Grasshopper Scouting Steps:
● Review grasshopper diversity and scouting information including photos of both nymphs, adults and non-grasshopper species to aid in-field scouting and accurately apply thresholds for grasshoppers.
● Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.
● Start at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m, making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump.
● Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one-meter width in front of the observer are counted.
● A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one-meter width. However, after a few stops, one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance.
● At the endpoint, the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure.
● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshoppers:
0-2 per m² – None to very light damage
2-4 per m² – Very light damage
4-8 per m² – Light damage
8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola
12-24 per m² – Severe damage
24 per m² – Very severe damage
For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.
For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.
● More practically, the following thresholds are offered but, in the event of additional crop stress (e.g., drought), the use of “may be required” versus “control usually required” requires careful consideration:

Biological and monitoring information (including tips for scouting and economic thresholds) related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture, and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also, refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” (accessible in either English-enhanced or French-enhanced versions).

Grasshopper diversity and scouting photos

Scouting for grasshoppers is a priority across the Canadian prairies with nymphs now active in fields from Manitoba to the Peace River region! Several entomologists have kindly offered photos to aid in-field scouting efforts so take these along and use these important points to d more accurately identify grasshopper nymphs and adults:

Traditionally, the economically damaging species of grasshoppers on the Canadian prairies include:
• Migratory (Melanoplus sanguinipes; Figs. 1, 2, 3)
• Clear-winged (Camnula pellucida; Fig. 3, 4, 5)
• Two-striped (Melanoplus bivittatus; Fig. 6, 7, 8)
• Packard’s (Melanoplus packardii; Fig. 9)
• And more recently Bruner’s grasshopper (Melanoplus bruneri; Fig. 10)

Not everything that hops is a grasshopper! Several species of native slant-faced grasshoppers (normally not causing economic damage; Fig. 11) typically emerge earlier in the spring than economic pest species. Several species of leafhoppers and their closely related froghopper, and treehopper relatives also hop. In fact, early instar grasshopper nymphs are similar in size to leafhopper adults (Fig. 12). Roadside vegetation can be heavily populated by non-damaging leafhoppers and native katydids (Fig. 13) – a sweep-net will allow comparison and improve identification. Katydids resemble grasshoppers in an important way; egg, nymphal instar, and adult stages appear over similar time frames through the growing season.

Monitoring and management of the various pest species of grasshoppers ideally focuses on nymphal instar stages. Compared to adults, early instar grasshopper nymphs are at the beginning of the consumptive portion of life, plus nymphs lack full-sized wings (and have only small wing buds) so they are easier to count and manage. Pest species like the clear-winged grasshopper (C. pellucida) develop through five nymphal instar stages then mature to winged adults.

Figure 1. Fifth instar nymph of (tentatively identified) migratory grasshopper (M. sanguinipes). Photo: AAFC-Saskatoon – Jonathon Williams. Note: each unit represents 1 mm so nymph is ~16 mm long.
Figure 2. In situ photo of nymph of (tentatively identified) migratory grasshopper (M. sanguinipes). Photo: John Gavloski.
Figure 3. Adult (tentatively identified as) migratory grasshopper (M. sanguinipes). Photo: AAFC-Saskatoon – Jonathon Williams. Note: Wings extend down the length of the abdomen.
Figure 4. Life stages of clear-winged grasshopper (C. pellucida) including egg, first-fifth instar nymphs and adult (L-R). Photo: AAFC-Saskatoon-Ralph Underwood.
Figure 5. In situ photo of first instar clear-winged grasshopper (C. pellucida). Photo: Dan Johnson.
Figure 6. Grasshopper eggs (tentatively identifed as two-striped or M. bivattus) exposed in soil near Carman MB in 2010. Photo: John Gavloski.
Figure 7. Nymph of two-striped grasshopper (M. bivattus) resting on peas growing near Carman MB in 2019. Photo: John Gavloski. Note: Wing buds are visible and will be replaced by wings stretching the length of the abdomen when nymph matures to adult.
Figure 8. Various developmental stages of two-striped grasshopper (M. bivattus) featuring an early and late instar nymph (top and left, respectively) plus adult (right). Photo: John Gavloski.
Figure 9. Photo features (tentatively identified) third instar nymph of Packard’s grasshopper (Camnulla pellucida). Photo: AAFC-Saskatoon-Jonathon Williams. Note: Each unit is 1 mm so nymph is ~6 mm long.
Figure 10. Early instar nymph of Bruner’s grasshopper (M. bruneri). Photo: Dan Johnson.
Figure 11. A slant-faced grasshopper nymph (tentatively identified as a second instar nymph of Chorthippus curtipennis) featuring the characteristically angled head that is the hallmark of several native species of traditionally non-economically damaging grasshoppers. Photo: AAFC-Saskatoon-Jonathon Williams.
Figure 12. Comparison of early instar grasshopper nymph (left) and adult leafhopper (right) collected in roadside vegetation – both are approximately the same size and both ‘hop’ when disturbed. Photo: John Gavloski.
Figure 13. Katydid nymph on roadside vegetation near Dauphin MB in 2021. Photo: John Gavloski. Note: Tiny wing buds are visible on anterior end of abdomen.

ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS
– The general economic threshold for grasshoppers in cereals is 8-12 per square metre but will vary by crop and growing conditions.
– Grasshopper densities exceeding 8-12 per square metre usually warrant control measures.
– More specifically, the following thresholds are offered but, in the event of additional crop stress (e.g., drought), the use of “may be required” versus “control usually required” will require careful consideration.

Review the predicted development update for grasshoppers released for Wk 08.

Predicted grasshopper development

The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

Model simulations were used to estimate percent grasshopper embryonic (egg) development as of May 9, 2021. The simulation predicts that development has now begun across southern areas of the Peace River region. Results indicate that egg development has been greatest for Lethbridge and Regina regions. Cool conditions in Manitoba have resulted in slower development rates (Figs. 1 and 2).

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian prairies as of May 9, 2021. 
Figure 2. Predicted percent embryonic development of overwintered grasshopper eggs across the Canadian prairies as of May 9, 2021. 

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” (accessible in either English-enhanced or French-enhanced versions).

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

Model simulations were used to estimate percent grasshopper embryonic development as of May 2, 2021. Results indicate that egg development has begun across the southern prairies (Fig. 1) and progression estimates for sites across the prairies are presented in Figure 2.

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian prairies as of May 2, 2021. 
Figure 2. Predicted percent embryonic development of overwintered grasshopper eggs across the Canadian prairies as of May 2, 2021. 

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” (accessible in either English-enhanced or French-enhanced versions).

Predicted grasshopper development

The oviposition index provides a snapshot of how growing season conditions impact grasshopper development and subsequent oviposition. Advanced development of the current generation will result in greater potential egg production by females at the end of this growing season. Figure 1 represents model output for the 2020 growing season (as of August 17, 2020). In Alberta, cooler, wetter conditions in May and June were not conducive for grasshopper development. This has resulted in a prediction for lower oviposition potential for most of Alberta. Warmer, dryer conditions in Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan resulted in higher oviposition indices.

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is 2020Aug10_Msang_OvipositIndex.png
Figure 1. Predicted oviposition for (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of August 17, 2020).

The model was run with climate normal data to compare the 2020 growing season with 30 year climate normals. The second map (climate normal) indicates that, in an average growing season, the greatest oviposition index values are observed for southeast Alberta and southwest Saskatchewan (Figure 2). Results suggest that the 2020 growing season was more favourable for grasshopper populations in Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan than for western Saskatchewan and most of Alberta.

Figure 2. Predicted oviposition for (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of August 17, 2020) using climate normal data.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” (Philip et al. 2018) as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

As of August 10, 2020, the grasshopper model estimates that prairie grasshopper populations are primarily in the adult stage (Fig. 1). Figure 2 provides an overview of where oviposition is predicted to occur based on weather conditions up to August 10. Oviposition is well underway across southern Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan (Fig. 2).

Figure 1. Predicted average development stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of August 10, 2020).
Figure 2. Predicted oviposition for (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of August 10, 2020).

Recent warm weather in southwestern Alberta has resulted in increased development rates, resulting in predicted occurrence of oviposition. The three graphs compare grasshopper development at Grande Prairie (Fig. 3), Saskatoon (Fig. 4) and Brandon (Fig. 5). Output suggests that adults are beginning to occur near Grande Prairie but oviposition has yet to begin (Fig. 3). Saskatoon (Fig. 4) and Brandon (Fig. 5) populations should be primarily in the adult stage and oviposition should be well underway.

Figure 3. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) phenology at Grande Prairie AB. Values are based on model simulations (April 1-August 10, 2020).
Figure 4. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) phenology at Saskatoon SK. Values are based on model simulations (April 1-August 10, 2020).
Figure 5. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) phenology at Brandon MB. Values are based on model simulations (April 1-August 10, 2020).

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” (Philip et al. 2018) as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

As of August 3, 2020, the grasshopper model estimates that prairie grasshopper populations are primarily adults (Fig. 1). Based on model simulations, development has been slowest across central and northern regions of Alberta (Fig. 1). The second map provides an overview of where oviposition is predicted to have started (Fig. 2). The yellow and red areas show that oviposition has begun across southern Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan (Fig. 2).

Figure 1. Predicted average development stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of August 3, 2020).
Figure 2. Predicted oviposition for (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of August 3, 2020).

The two graphs compare grasshopper development at Saskatoon (Fig. 3) and Brandon (Fig. 4). Near Saskatoon, grasshopper populations are expected to be mainly in the adult stage with oviposition beginning to occur over the past week (Fig. 3). Around Brandon, adult emergence is complete and oviposition should be well underway (Fig. 4).

Figure 3. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) phenology at Saskatoon SK. Values are based on model simulations (April 1-August 3, 2020).
Figure 4. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) phenology at Brandon MB. Values are based on model simulations (April 1-August 3, 2020).

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” (Philip et al. 2018) as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

As of July 19, 2020, the grasshopper model estimates that development of first instar nymphs is complete across most of the prairies and that adult grasshoppers may be beginning to emerge in southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan (Fig. 1; Table 1). Based on model simulations, development has been slowest in the Peace River region where average nymph development ranges between the 2nd and 3rd instar stages (Fig. 1; Table 1). Across the southern prairies, the majority of the nymph population is predicted to be in the 4th and 5th instar stages, with adults predicted to occur across southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan, where grasshopper populations are active (Fig. 1; Table 1).

Figure 1. Predicted average development stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of July 19, 2020).

Table 1 indicates that predicted development at Brandon and Winnipeg is well ahead of Lacombe and Grande Prairie. The two graphs below compare grasshopper development at Lacombe (Fig. 2) and Brandon (Fig. 3). Near Lacombe, grasshopper populations are expected to be mainly in the 3rd and 4th instar (Fig. 2). Around Brandon, adult emergence is expected to be well underway, with some lingering 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar individuals remaining in the population (Fig. 3).

Figure 2. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) phenology at Lacombe AB. Values are based on model simulations (April 1-July 19, 2020).
Figure 3. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) phenology at Brandon MB. Values are based on model simulations (April 1-July 19, 2020).

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” (Philip et al. 2018) as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

As of July 12, 2020, the grasshopper model estimates that development across the prairies ranges from 1st instar stage to adults. Based on the model simulations, development has been slowest in the Peace River region where average nymph development ranges between the 2nd and 3rd instars (Fig. 1; Table 1). Across the southern prairies, the majority of the nymph population is predicted to be in the 3rd to 5th instar stages, with adults predicted to occur across southern Manitoba where populations are active (Fig. 1; Table 1). Across the prairies, populations are predicted to be 6, 6, 11, 27, 24, 21 and 5% in egg, first, second, third, fourth, fifth and adult stages, respectively.

Figure 1. Predicted average instar stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of July 12, 2020).

Table 1 indicates that predicted development at Brandon and Winnipeg is well ahead of Lacombe and Grande Prairie. The two graphs compare grasshopper development in Saskatoon (Fig. 2) and Winnipeg (Fig. 3). Grasshopper populations near Saskatoon are predominantly in the 4th and 5th instars with first appearance of adults beginning to occur (Fig. 2). Populations near Winnipeg are expected to be primarily adults (Fig. 3).

Figure 2. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) phenology at Saskatoon SK. Values are based on model simulations (April 1-July 12, 2020).
Figure 3. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) phenology at Winnipeg MB. Values are based on model simulations (April 1-July 12, 2020).

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” (Philip et al. 2018) as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version. 

Predicted grasshopper development

As of July 5, 2020, the grasshopper model estimates that hatch is essentially complete. Development is slowest in the Peace River region where the simulation indicates that approximately 30% of the population is still in the egg stage (Fig. 1). Across the prairies, the majority of the nymphal population is predicted to be in the second to fourth instar stages (Table 1; Fig. 1). Development in Manitoba is predicted to be well ahead of most locations across Alberta (Table 1; Fig. 1). Recent warm temperatures in eastern Saskatchewan and Manitoba have resulted in higher rates of grasshopper development. This week, adults are predicted to occur at locations across southern Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan (Table 1; Fig. 1). Across the prairies, populations are predicted to be 11, 9, 25, 25, 22, 8 and less than 1% in egg, first, second, third, fourth, fifth and adult stages, respectively (Table 1).

Figure 1. Predicted average instar stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of July 5, 2020).

The two graphs compare predicted development for Saskatoon (Fig. 2) and Winnipeg (Fig. 3). Grasshopper populations near Saskatoon are expected to be predominantly in the third and fourth instars (Fig. 2) while populations near Winnipeg are expected to be primarily in the fifth instar with some adults beginning to appear (Fig. 3).

Figure 2. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) phenology at Saskatoon SK. Values are based on model simulations (April 1-July 5, 2020).
Figure 3. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) phenology at Winnipeg MB. Values are based on model simulations (April 1-July 5, 2020).

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” (Philip et al. 2018) as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version. 

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – 
Grasshopper development is progressing and populations are primarily in the adult stage (Fig. 1). Based on model runs, approximately 65% of the population should be in the adult stage (50% last week). Grasshopper development continues to be slower than average development. Based on climate data, 80% of the population would be expected to be in adult stage. Model output indicates that oviposition has begun in southern areas prairies (Fig. 2).

Figure 1. Predicted percent of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations attaining adult stage across the Canadian prairies (as of August 14, 2019). 
Figure 2. Predicted overview of where oviposition has started (as of August 12, 2019).

The Insect of the Week’s Doppelganger featured GRASSHOPPERS for Week 14!!  Check out the excellent nymph photos to help your in-field scouting!

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” which is available as a free downloadable document in either an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – Recent, warmer temperatures have resulted in increased grasshopper developmental rates. Surveys in central SK (last week) indicated that grasshopper populations are primarily in the fifth instar and adult stages and in some areas C. pellucida are very abundant. Based on model runs, approximately 50% of the population should be in the adult stage (24% last week). Based on climate data, 60% of the population would be expected to be in adult stage. Model output indicates that oviposition has begun in southern areas prairies. 

The first map (Fig. 1) indicates the average instar for grasshopper populations across the prairies with most areas have grasshopper populations that are in the 5th and adult stages. The second map (Fig. 2) indicates adult populations are developing across areas between 49 and 52 degrees North. The last map (Fig. 3) provides an overview of where oviposition is predicted to have started. The yellow and red areas show that oviposition has began across southern MB, southeastern SK and southern AB.

Figure 1. Predicted development stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of August 5, 2019). 
Figure 2. Predicted percent of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations attaining adult stage across the Canadian prairies (as of August 5, 2019). 
Figure 3.  Predicted overview of where oviposition has started (as of August 5, 2019).

The Insect of the Week’s Doppelganger featured GRASSHOPPERS for Week 14!!  Check out the excellent nymph photos to help your in-field scouting!

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” which is available as a free downloadable document in either an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).

Based on model runs, approximately 24% of the population should be in the adult stage. Based on climate data, 32% of the population would be expected to be in adult stage. The first map indicates the average instar for grasshopper populations across the prairies (Fig. 1). The second map indicates adult populations are developing across southern MB and SK and a localized area in southern AB (Fig. 2).

Figure 1. Predicted development stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of July 28, 2019). 
Figure 2. Predicted percent of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations attaining adult stage across the Canadian prairies (as of July 31, 2019). 

The Insect of the Week’s Doppelganger featured GRASSHOPPERS for Week 14!!  Check out the excellent nymph photos to help your in-field scouting!

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” which is available as a free downloadable document in either an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).

Cool temperatures continue to result in reduced grasshopper developmental rates. Based on model runs, approximately 68% (50% last week) of the population should be in the 4th-5th instar and adult stages. Based on climate data, 80% of the population would be expected to be in the 4th-5th instar and adult stages. The following map indicates the average instar for grasshopper populations across the prairies (Fig. 1). Development is predicted to be greatest across southern MB and southeastern SK.

Figure 1. Predicted development stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of July 21, 2019). 

The Insect of the Week’s Doppelganger featured GRASSHOPPERS for Week 14!!  Check out the excellent nymph photos to help your in-field scouting!

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” which is available as a free downloadable document in either an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).

Cool temperatures continue to result in reduced grasshopper developmental rates. Based on model runs, approximately 7% (12.5% last week) of the population is in the first instar, 12% (23% last week) is predicted to be in the second instar, and 27% (32% last week)  is in the third instar, 30% (21% last week) are predicted to be in the fourth instar and 18% (4% last week) are predicted to be in the fifth instar.  As of July 14, 1% of melanopline species are predicted to be in the adult stage. 

The following map (Fig. 1) indicates that grasshopper populations across the southern prairie are mostly in the third and fourth instars. Grasshopper development has been greatest near Winnipeg MB.

Figure 1. Predicted development stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of July 15, 2019). 

Last week, the Insect of the Week’s Doppelganger featured GRASSHOPPERS!!!  Check out the excellent nymph photos to help your in-field scouting!

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” which is available as a free downloadable document in either an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).

Cool temperatures continue to result in reduced grasshopper development rates. Populations are developing into third and fourth instars. Based on model runs, approximately 13% of the population is in the first instar, 23%  is predicted to be in the second instar, and 32% is in the third instar, 21%  are predicted to be in the fourth instar and l4% may be in the fifth instar. Grasshopper development this season has been similar to long term average development. The following map (Fig. 1) indicates that grasshopper populations across the southern prairie are mostly in the third instar. Compared to last week development has increased across southern regions of the prairies. Grasshopper development has been greatest near Winnipeg MB.

Figure 1. Predicted development stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of July 8, 2019). 

This week, the Insect of the Week’s Doppelganger features GRASSHOPPERS!!!  Check out the excellent nymph photos to help your in-field scouting!

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” which is available as a free downloadable document in either an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Doppelgangers: Grasshoppers

Bruner grasshopper (Melanoplus bruneri) adult. 
Photo credit: S. Barkley, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry.

The case of the prairie grasshoppers: There are 80 grasshopper species on the prairies but only a few that are considered pests. These include Packard (Melanopus packardii), clearwinged (Camnula pellucida), migatory (Melanopus sanguinipes), two-striped (Melanopus bivittatus) and Bruner Melanoplus bruneri) grasshoppers. They are recognizable as grasshoppers (similar body shape and distinctive large rear legs) and, depending on the species, range in size from 21 to 40 centimetres (8.25 to 15.75 inches). Most of these pest species can be distinguished by colouring and size. However, the Bruner and migratory grasshoppers are difficult to tell apart, needing to rely on examining the male genitalia (see Insect of the Week post from July , 2018).

For more information about grasshopper pests, see our Insect of the Week page!

Packard grasshopper – egg, nymph, adult
AAFC
Clearwinged grasshopper – egg, nymph, adult
AAFC
Migratory grasshopper – adult
Joseph Berger, Bugwood.org
Two-striped grasshopper – adult
John Gavloski, Manitoba Agriculture,
Food and Rural Development

More information related to the Bruner grasshopper:

See also:

Predicted grasshopper development (July 5, 2019)

Specific information about these grasshoppers, other pests and natural enemies can be found in the updated Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural enemies in Western Canada field guide.

The case of the innocuous versus the evil twin: When making pest management decisions, be sure that the suspect is actually a pest. This can be challenge since insects often mimic each other or look very similar. An insect that looks, moves and acts like a pest may in fact be a look-alike or doppelganger.

Doppelgangers may be related (e.g. same genus) or may not be related, as in the case of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) and viceroys (Limenitis achrippus). Doppelgangers are  usually relatively harmless but sometimes the doppelganger is a pest yet their behaviour, lifecycle or hosts may be different.

Correctly identifying a pest enables selection of the most accurate scouting or monitoring protocol. Identification and monitoring enables the application of economic thresholds. It also enables a producer to select and apply the most effective control option(s) including method and timing of application.  For the rest of the growing season, the Insect of the Week will feature insect crop pests and their doppelgangers.

Review previously featured insects by visiting the Insect of the Week page.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).

Recent cool conditions have resulted in reduced grasshopper development rates. Based on model runs, approximately 22% (33% last week) of the population is in the first instar, 29% (26% last week) is predicted to be in the second instar, and 27% (11% last week) in the third instar, 8.2% (1.5% last week) are predicted to be in the fourth instar and less than 1% may be in the fifth instar (Fig. 1).  Grasshopper development this season has been similar to long term average development. The following map indicates that grasshopper populations across the southern prairie are mostly in the second instar with some areas having populations that are mostly third instars.

Figure 1. Predicted development stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of July 1, 2019). 

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” which is available as a free downloadable document in either an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).

Across the prairies the grasshopper hatch is well underway with most locations having approximately 27% of the population in the egg stage. Based on model runs, approximately 33% (30% last week) of the population is in the first instar, 26% (14.5% last week) is predicted to be in the second instar, and 11% (4.3% last week) in the third instar and just over 1% are predicted to be in the fourth instar.   The following map indicates that grasshopper populations across the southern prairie are mostly in the second instar.

Figure 1. Predicted development stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of June 24, 2019). 

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” which is available as a free downloadable document in either an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).

Across the prairies, the grasshopper hatch is well underway this week with most locations having approximately 51% hatch (30% last week). Based on model runs, (i) approximately 30% (21% last week) of the population is in the first instar, (ii) 14.5% (7% last week) is predicted to be in the second instar, and (iii) 4.3% (1% last week) in the third instar.   

Figure 1.  Predicted development stages of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) populations across the Canadian prairies (as of June 17, 2019). 

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” which is available as a free downloadable document in either an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper). 

This week, the grasshopper hatch is well underway across the prairies with most locations having 30% (12% last week) hatch and some areas are predicted to have hatch rates of 75%. Approximately 21% of the population is in the first instar (Fig. 1), 7% (2,5% last week) is predicted to be in the second instar (Fig. 2), and 1% in the third instar.  Grasshopper developmental rates are greatest across southern and central regions of SK. Over the past 30 days this region has experienced the warmest and driest conditions for the prairies. Recent, warm temperatures in southern MB has advanced grasshopper development. 

A survey of roadsides south of Saskatoon this week indicated that melanopline species were primarily first and second second instars.  

Figure 1.  Predicted percent of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) population at first instar stage across the Canadian prairies (as of June 11, 2019). 
Figure 2. Predicted percent of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) population at second instar stage across the Canadian prairies (as of June 11, 2019). 

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

This week,  the grasshopper hatch is well underway across the prairies (Fig. 1 and 2) with most locations having approximately 15% hatch and some areas having 35% hatch. 

Figure 1. Predicted percent of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) population at first instar stage across the Canadian prairies (as of June 4, 2019). 
Figure 2. Predicted percent of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) population at second instar stage across the Canadian prairies (as of June 4, 2019). 

Model runs for Saskatoon SK (Fig. 3), Lethbridge AB (Fig. 4), and Grande Prairie AB (Fig. 5) were projected to June 30, 2019. Results for Lethbridge and Saskatoon indicated that populations are primarily in the first and second instars. A survey of roadsides south of Saskatoon indicated that melanoplines were primarily first an second instars. 

Figure 3. Predicted status of Melanoplus sanguinipes populations near Lethbridge  AB projected to June 30, 2019.  
Figure 4.  Predicted status of Melanoplus sanguinipes populations near Saskatoon SK projected to June 30, 2019.  
Figure 5.  Predicted status of Melanoplus sanguinipes populations near Grande Prairie AB projected to June 30, 2019.  

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

As of May 28, 2019, predicted grasshopper egg development was 72% (66% last week) and is similar to long term average values (75%) (Fig. 1).  Across the prairies, the grasshopper hatch is just beginning with most locations having less than 5% hatch. 

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian prairies as of May 28, 2019. 
Figure 2. Predicted percent of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) population at first instar stage across the Canadian prairies (as of May 28, 2019). 

Model runs for Grande Prairie (Fig. 3), Lethbridge (Fig. 4) and Saskatoon (Fig. 5) were projected to June 15, 2019. Results for Lethbridge and Saskatoon indicated that second instars will begin to appear next week. Hatch in near Grande Prairie is  predicted to be approximately one week later.  Development is predicted to be more advanced in northern areas of the Peace River region. 

Figure 3. Predicted status of Melanoplus sanguinipes populations near Grande Prairie AB as of  May 28, 2019.  
Figure 4. Predicted status of Melanoplus sanguinipes populations near Lethbridge AB as of  May 28, 2019.  
Figure 5. Predicted status of Melanoplus sanguinipes populations near Saskatoon SK as of  May 28, 2019.  

This week we surveyed roadsides south of Saskatoon. Though counts were low, melanoplines were primarily first with a few second instars. Slant faced grasshoppers were most abundant, particularly Aeropedellus clavatus.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

As of May 21, 2019, predicted grasshopper egg development was 66% (63% last week) and is similar to long term average values (68%) (Fig. 1).  

Figure 1. Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian prairies as of May 21, 2019. 
Figure 2.  Predicted percent of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) population at first instar stage across the Canadian prairies (as of May 21, 2019). 

Model runs for Grande Prairie (Fig. 3), Lethbridge (Fig. 4) and Saskatoon (Fig. 5) were projected to June 15, 2019.  Results for Lethbridge (Fig. 4) and Saskatoon (Fig. 5) indicated that eggs should begin to hatch this week. Hatch in the Peace River region is predicted to be approximately one week later. Results also indicated that initial hatch (less than 6%) should have occurred in southwest SK and southeast AB.

Figure 3.  Predicted status of Melanoplus sanguinipes populations near Grande Prairie AB as of  May 21, 2019.  
Figure 4.  Predicted status of Melanoplus sanguinipes populations near Lethbridge AB as of  May 21, 2019.  
Figure 5.  Predicted status of Melanoplus sanguinipes populations near Saskatoon SK as of  May 21, 2019.  

Reminder – The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2019 Grasshopper Forecast Map was released in March.  Review all the current risk and forecast maps by linking here.  While spring temperatures, soil moisture conditions, and precipitation can all have an impact on overwintered grasshopper eggs, areas highlighted orange or red in the 2019 forecast map should be vigilant this spring by performing in-field scouting to assess nymph densities.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

Compared to last week, near normal temperatures have resulted in expected development of grasshopper eggs.  This week, as of May 15, 2019, predicted development was 63% and is similar to long term average values (Fig. 1).  

Figure 1.  Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development acrossthe Canadian prairies as of May 15, 2019. 

Model runs for Lethbridge (Fig. 2) and Saskatoon (Fig. 3) were projected to June 15, 2019. Results indicated that eggs should begin to hatch next week. Model predictions, based on long term normal weather data predict that initial hatch near Saskatoon should occur on May 25th.

Figure 2. Predicted status of Melanoplus sanguipes populations near Lethbridge AB as of  May 15, 2019.  
Figure 3.  Predicted status of Melanoplus sanguipes populations near Saskatoon SK as of  May 15, 2019.    

Reminder – The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2019 Grasshopper Forecast Map was released in March.  Review all the current risk and forecast maps by linking here.  While spring temperatures, soil moisture conditions, and precipitation can all have an impact on overwintered grasshopper eggs, areas highlighted orange or red in the 2019 forecast map should be vigilant this spring by performing in-field scouting to assess nymph densities.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

This week, cool temperatures this week were predicted to result in minimal embryological development. As of May 7, 2019, predicted development was 60% and is similar to long term average values (Fig. 1). As embryological development approaches 100%, scouting for  nymphs of pest species of grasshoppers should begin.

Figure 1.  Predicted grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryological development across the Canadian prairies as of May 7, 2019. 

Reminder – The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2019 Grasshopper Forecast Map was released in March.  Review all the current risk and forecast maps by linking here.  While spring temperatures, soil moisture conditions, and precipitation can all have an impact on overwintered grasshopper eggs, areas highlighted orange or red in the 2019 forecast map should be vigilant this spring by performing in-field scouting to assess nymph densities.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

This week we observed an adult grasshopper (female), Arphia conspersa, in Saskatoon. Model runs were conducted for Grande Prairie, Saskatoon, Swift Current and Lethbridge.  

As of April 30, 2019, predicted development was 60% and is similar to long term average values. The following graph illustrates development for 4 prairie locations (Fig. 1). Hatch is expected to occur during the 3rd week of  May (Saskatoon, Swift Current and Lethbridge) and early June in Grande Prairie.

Figure 1.  Percent predicted embryological development of M. sanguinipes at Grande Prairie AB, Saskatoon SK, Swift Current SK, and Lethbridge AB as of April 30, 2019 (Weiss, Olfert, Vankosky [AAFC] 2019).

Reminder – The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2019 Grasshopper Forecast Map was released in March.  Review all the risk and forecast maps by linking here.  While spring temperatures, soil moisture conditions, and precipitation can all have an impact on overwintered grasshopper eggs, areas highlighted orange or red in the 2019 forecast map should be vigilant this spring by performing in-field scouting to assess nymph densities.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

Model runs were conducted for Lethbridge AB and Saskatoon SK.  As of April 23, 2019, predicted development was 57% for both locations and is similar to long term average values. The following graph illustrates that gradual development has occurred during the past three weeks. Hatch is expected to occur in mid to late May.

More information can be found by accessing the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

Grasshopper populations were predicted to be in the adult stage (Fig. 1A). Development during this growing season is well ahead of average (Fig. 1B).  Development is predicted to be more advanced across the southern prairies than in the Peace River region. 

Figure 1.  Grasshopper development (percent of population) based on model output for the current growing season (A) and for long term normal climate data (B).

This week, adults are predicted to be appearing across the Peace River region (Fig. 2C). 

Figure 2. Predicted grasshopper phenology at Saskatoon (A), Lethbridge (B), and Grande Prairie (C); based on model output for the current growing season (April 1 – July 30, 2018).

Oviposition is ahead, and is predicted to occur across most of the southern prairies (Fig. 3).

Figure 3.  Predicted grasshopper phenology at Saskatoon (A), Lethbridge (B), and Grande Prairie (C); based on model simulations for long term climate normals (April 1 – July 30).
Figure 4.  Clearwinged grasshopper stages including egg, first to fifth instar stages and adult (left to right).

Grasshopper Scouting Steps: 

● Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.

● Starting at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump. 

● Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one meter width in front of the observer are counted. 

● A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one meter width.  However, after a few stops one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance. 

● At the end point the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure. 

● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshoppers:

0-2  per m² – None to very light damage
2-4  per m² – Very light damage
4-8  per m² – Light damage
8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola
12-24 per m² – Severe damage 
>24 per m² – Very severe damage

* For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.
* For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

As of July 23, 2018, most grasshopper populations are predicted to be primarily in the fifth instar or adult stages (Fig. 1A). Development is well ahead of average population development (Fig. 1B). Normally the first appearance of adults occurs during the last week of July (central Saskatchewan).  

Figure 1. Grasshopper development (average instar) based on model simulations for the current growing season (A) and for long term normal climate (B) (April 1 – July 23, 2018).

Grasshopper development varied across the prairies, and was predicted to be more advanced across the southern prairies (e.g., Lethbridge; Fig. 2A) than in the Peace River region (fourth and fifth instar stages; Fig. 2). 

Figure 2. Predicted grasshopper phenology at Lethbridge and Grande Prairie.
Values are based on model simulations, for April 1 – July 23, 2018.
Figure 3.  Clearwinged grasshopper stages including egg, first to fifth instar stages and adult (left to right).

Grasshopper Scouting Steps: 

● Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.

● Starting at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump. 

● Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one meter width in front of the observer are counted. 

● A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one meter width.  However, after a few stops one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance. 

● At the end point the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure. 

● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshoppers:

0-2  per m² – None to very light damage
2-4  per m² – Very light damage
4-8  per m² – Light damage
8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola
12-24 per m² – Severe damage 
>24 per m² – Very severe damage

* For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.
* For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

As of July 16, 2018, the model output indicated that the average instar stage was 4.9, with populations being primarily comprised of fifth instar stage (37%) or adults (33%) (Fig. 1). 

Figure 1. Grasshopper development (average instar) based on model simulations, for April 1 – July 16, 2018.

Development is predicted to be more advanced across the southern prairies; primarily fifth instar stages and adults near Lethbridge AB and Saskatoon SK than in the Peace River region where they are predicted to be mainly fourth and fifth instar stages (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Predicted grasshopper phenology at Saskatoon (A), Lethbridge (B) and Grande Prairie (C).
Values are based on model simulations, for April 1 – July 16, 2018
Figure 3.  Clearwinged grasshopper stages including egg, first to fifth instar stages and adult (left to right).

Grasshopper Scouting Steps: 

  • Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.
  • Starting at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump. 
  • Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one meter width in front of the observer are counted. 
  • A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one meter width.  However, after a few stops one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance. 
  • At the end point the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure. 

● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshoppers:

0-2  per m² – None to very light damage

2-4  per m² – Very light damage

4-8  per m² – Light damage

8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola

12-24 per m² – Severe damage 

>24 per m² – Very severe damage

* For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

* For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

As of July 9, 2018, the grasshopper model output indicates that development is approximately 10 days ahead of normal with populations consisting of 4th and 5th instar stages and adults.  The most rapid grasshopper development occurred across southern and central regions (Fig. 1). 

Figure 1.  Grasshopper development (average instar) based on model simulations, for April 1 – July 9, 2018.

Grasshopper Scouting Steps: 

● Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.

● Starting at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump. 

● Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one meter width in front of the observer are counted. 

● A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one meter width.  However, after a few stops one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance. 

● At the end point the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure. 

● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshoppers:

0-2  per m² – None to very light damage

2-4  per m² – Very light damage

4-8  per m² – Light damage

8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola

12-24 per m² – Severe damage 

>24 per m² – Very severe damage

* For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

* For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

As of July 2, 2018, the predictive model output indicated that the average instar = 3.7, with 1st instar (5%), 2nd (12%), 3rd (24%), 4th (34%), 5th (23%), and 2.4% in the adult stage. The most rapid development occurred across southern MB and southeast SK (Fig. 1). 

Figure 1.  Grasshopper development (average instar stage) based on model simulations for April 1-July 2, 2018.

Model output for Saskatoon illustrates that populations are primarily in the 4th and 5th instars with appearance of a few adults (Fig. 2).   By comparison, model output based on long-term climate data indicates that grasshopper populations should on average only be in the 3rd and 4th instars (Fig. 3).

Figure 2.  Predicted grasshopper phenology at Saskatoon SK.
Values are based on model simulations for April 1-July 2, 2018.
Figure 3.  Predicted grasshopper phenology at Saskatoon SK.
Values are based on model simulations for Long Term Climate Normals.

Grasshopper Scouting Steps: 

● Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.

● Starting at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump. 

● Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one meter width in front of the observer are counted. 

● A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one meter width.  However, after a few stops one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance. 

● At the end point the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure. 

● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshoppers:

0-2  per m² – None to very light damage

2-4  per m² – Very light damage

4-8  per m² – Light damage

8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola

12-24 per m² – Severe damage 

>24 per m² – Very severe damage

* For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

* For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Insect of the Week – Bruner grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The insect of the week is the Bruner grasshopper (Melanoplus bruneri).  Observed since the 1920s in Canada, this species is a relatively recent addition to the list of grasshopper pest species occurring in crop production areas. Previously, it was not considered a crop pest.

It is a medium-sized grasshopper (males 18-22 mm; females 22-27 mm) with dark and often reddish colour tones. It is similar in appearance and size to the migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) but is distinguished by differences in the male genitalia. The Bruner grasshopper has recently become the predominant grasshopper species in many northern crop production areas of Alberta and parts of Saskatchewan. It occupies a wide geographic range and is found throughout much of Canada and the United States.

The Bruner grasshopper feeds mainly on broadleaf host plants but the species can feed upon several species of grasses. It has been observed in high numbers feeding in pulse crops, canola, and cereals.

Researchers are investigating if this species follows a two-year life cycle (i.e. do eggs require exposure to two winters before hatching?) in the Peace River region and parts of central Alberta.

For more information, see our Insect of the Week page!

Bruner grasshopper (Melanoplus bruneri) adult.
Photo credit: S. Barkley, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry.

Access these websites for more information related to the Bruner Grasshopper:

Access more information related to grasshoppers here.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

As of June 24, 2018, the warm weather has resulted in rapid grasshopper development for populations near Saskatoon SK. Model output for Saskatoon predicts that hatch is complete and that populations are primarily in the 4th instar stage (Fig. 1). By comparison, last week’s model output indicated that populations should be primarily in the 2nd and 3rd instar stages. 

Figure 1.  Predicted grasshopper phenology at Saskatoon SK.
Values are based on model simulations for April 1 – June 24, 2018.

Grasshopper Scouting Steps: 

● Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.

● Starting at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump. 

● Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one meter width in front of the observer are counted. 

● A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one meter width.  However, after a few stops one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance. 

● At the end point the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure. 

● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshoppers:

0-2  per m² – None to very light damage

2-4  per m² – Very light damage

4-8  per m² – Light damage

8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola

12-24 per m² – Severe damage 

>24 per m² – Very severe damage

* For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

* For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

As of June 18, 2018, the model output indicated that the average instar was 2.1 this week (1.7 last week), with 23, 27, 25, 8 and  2% in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar stages, respectively. The most rapid grasshopper development was predicted to occur across southern Manitoba and southeast Saskatchewan (Fig. 8).

Figure 8.  Grasshopper development (average instar) based on model simulations, for April 1 – June 18, 2018.

Model output for Saskatoon illustrates that populations are primarily in the 2nd and 3rd instar stages with 4th and 5th instar stages beginning to appear (Fig. 9). This agrees with this week’s survey conducted between Saskatoon and Rosetown. Melanoplinae adults were collected at a few sites near Saskatoon and eastern Saskatchewan.

Figure 9.  Predicted grasshopper phenology at Saskatoon SK.
Values are based on model simulations for April 1 – June 18, 2018.

Grasshopper Scouting Steps: 

● Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.

● Starting at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump. 

● Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one meter width in front of the observer are counted. 

● A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one meter width.  However, after a few stops one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance. 

● At the end point the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure. 

● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshoppers:

0-2  per m² – None to very light damage

2-4  per m² – Very light damage

4-8  per m² – Light damage

8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola

12-24 per m² – Severe damage 

>24 per m² – Very severe damage

* For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

* For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

As of June 11, 2018, predicted hatch was 74% (long term average was 28%). The average development is almost at second instar (Fig. 1) with 30, 28, 12 and 2% in the  first, second, third and fourth instar stages, respectively.  

Figure 1.  Grasshopper development (average instar) on model simulations, for April 1 – June 11, 2018.

Model output for Saskatoon illustrates that populations are primarily in the first and second instars with third and fourth instar stages beginning to appear (Fig. 2). This agrees with last week’s survey conducted south of Saskatoon SK. 

Figure 2.  Predicted grasshopper phenology at Saskatoon SK.
Values are based on model simulations, for April 1 – June 11, 2018.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

As of June 4, 2018, predicted hatch was 51% (31% last week; long term average was 11%).  Hatch is predicted to be nearly complete in southeast AB and southern MB (Fig. 1). Grasshopper populations are primarily in the first instar (Fig. 2).

Figure 1. Grasshopper hatch (%) based on model simulations, for April 1-June 4, 2018.
Figure 2.  Percent of grasshopper population that is in the first instar, based on model simulations, for April 1-June 4, 2018.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

Above normal temperatures have advanced grasshopper development (Figs. 1 and 2). As of May 28, 2018, predicted hatch was 31% (up from 6% last week).

Figure 1. Grasshopper embryological development (%) based on model simulations (April 1-May 28, 2018). 
Figure 2.  Grasshopper hatch (%) based on model simulations (April 1-May 28, 2018).

Reminder – The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2018 Grasshopper Forecast Map was released in March (Fig. 3).  Spring temperatures, soil moisture conditions, and precipitation all have an impact on survival of overwintered grasshopper eggs. Growers in areas highlighted orange or red in the map below should be vigilant this spring.

Figure 3.  Grasshopper forecast map (M. sanguinipes) for 2018 growing season.
Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  


Recent warm conditions have advanced egg development. As of May 21, 2018, predicted mean egg development was 78% (68% last week) and model output indicates that embryological development was 10% greater than long term average. Greatest development was predicted to be across Alberta, particularly in an area extending from Lethbridge to Edmonton (Fig. 1 and 2). Last week first instar grasshoppers were collected near Rosetown SK. 

Figure 1. Grasshopper embryological development (%) for
April 1 – May 21, 2018, based on model simulations.
Figure 2. Grasshopper hatch (%) for April 1 – May 21, 2018, based on model simulations.

Reminder – The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2018 Grasshopper Forecast Map was released in March (Fig. 3).  Spring temperatures, soil moisture conditions, and precipitation all have an impact on survival of overwintered grasshopper eggs. Growers in areas highlighted orange or red in the map below should be vigilant this spring.

Figure 3.  Grasshopper forecast map (M. sanguinipes) for 2018 growing season.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  


As of May 13, 2018, predicted mean egg development was 68% (62% last week) and model output indicates that embryological development was 5% greater than long term average. Greatest development was predicted to be across southern Alberta with potential for hatch occurring near Medicine Hat and Bow Island (Fig. 6).

Figure 1. Grasshopper (M. sanguinipes) embryological development (%) based on
model simulations for April 1-May 13, 2018.

Reminder – The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2018 Grasshopper Forecast Map was released in March (Fig. 2).  Spring temperatures, soil moisture conditions, and precipitation all have an impact on survival of overwintered grasshopper eggs. Growers in areas highlighted orange or red in the map below should be vigilant this spring.

Figure 2.  Grasshopper forecast map (M. sanguinipes) for 2018 growing season.



Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.


Predicted grasshopper development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  

As of May 6, 2018, predicted mean development was 62% (slightly greater than long term average of 56%).  The greatest development was predicted to be across southern AB (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Grasshopper embryological development (%) based on model simulations, for April 1 – May 6, 2018.



Reminder – The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2018 Grasshopper Forecast Map was released in March.  Review all the risk and forecast maps by linking here.  While spring temperatures, soil moisture conditions, and precipitation can all have an impact on overwintered grasshopper eggs, growers in areas highlighted orange or red in the map below should be vigilant this spring.

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – Based on model output, grasshopper development is slightly ahead of long term averages with approximately 80% of the population in the adult stage.  The following map presents model data for oviposition. Given the warm conditions across the southern prairies, it is not surprising that oviposition rates are predicted to be greatest in southern Alberta and in south-central Saskatchewan.



Grasshopper scouting steps can be reviewed in the previous Week 13 Post.


Reminder:  Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – Based on model output, grasshopper development is slightly ahead of long term averages. The greatest development was predicted to be across southern regions in all three provinces, particularly southern Alberta. Grasshoppers should be predominantly in the fourth and fifth instar stages with adults present across most of the region. 


  

Grasshopper Scouting Steps: 

● Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.

● Start at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m, making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump. 

● Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one meter width in front of the observer are counted. 

● A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one meter width.  However, after a few stops one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance. 

● At the end point the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure. 
● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshoppers:

0-2  per m² – None to very light damage
2-4  per m² – Very light damage
4-8  per m² – Light damage
8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola


12-24 per m² – Severe damage 
>24 per m² – Very severe damage


* For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.
* For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.



Reminder:  Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – Based on model output, development is slightly ahead of long term normal (LTN). Grasshoppers should be predominantly in the third and fourth instar stages with more rapid development across southern Alberta. Last week the mean instar was 3.4; this week it increased to 4.1. 

Figure 1. Predicted Melanoplus sanguinipes development across 
the Canadian prairies (July 16, 2017).



Figure 2. Predicted Melanoplus sanguinipes development prepared 
using Long Term Normal (LTN) data.

  

Figure 3.  Predicted percent of Melanoplus sanguinipes at fifth instar 
development stage (July 16, 2017).



This is the first week where the model has predicted appearance of adults. As of July 16, 2017 adults should be occurring across 45% of the prairies (compared to long term average value of 39%). 

Figure 4.  Predicted percent of Melanoplus sanguinipes at adult stage (July 16, 2017).



Grasshopper Scouting Steps: 

● Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.

● Starting at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump. 

● Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one meter width in front of the observer are counted. 

● A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one meter width.  However, after a few stops one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance. 

● At the end point the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure. 
● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshoppers:

0-2  per m² – None to very light damage
2-4  per m² – Very light damage
4-8  per m² – Light damage
8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola



12-24 per m² – Severe damage 
>24 per m² – Very severe damage


* For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.
* For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.





Reminder:  Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – Compared to last week, grasshopper development has progressed by approximately one instar (Fig. 1).  Based on model output, grasshopper development is slightly ahead of long term averages (Fig. 2).  

Figure 1. Predicted Melanoplus sanguinipes development across 
the Canadian prairies (July 4, 2017).



Figure 2. Predicted Melanoplus sanguinipes development prepared 
using Long Term Normal (LTN) data.



Across the prairies, grasshoppers should be predominantly in the third and fourth instar stages with more rapid development across southern Alberta (Fig. 3 and 4). This is the first week where the model has predicted appearance of adults. The greatest development was predicted to be across southern regions in all three provinces, particularly southern Alberta.  Current developmental rates are well behind last year.

Figure 3.  Predicted percent of Melanoplus sanguinipes at fourth instar 
development stage (July 10, 2017).



Figure 4.  Predicted percent of Melanoplus sanguinipes at fifth instar 
development stage (July 10, 2017).





Grasshopper Scouting Steps: 

● Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.

● Starting at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump. 

● Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one meter width in front of the observer are counted. 

● A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one meter width.  However, after a few stops one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance. 

● At the end point the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure. 
● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshoppers:

0-2  per m² – None to very light damage
2-4  per m² – Very light damage
4-8  per m² – Light damage
8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola



12-24 per m² – Severe damage 
>24 per m² – Very severe damage


* For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.
* For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.





Reminder:  Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – Based on model output, grasshopper development is very similar to long-term averages.  Across the prairies, grasshoppers should be predominantly in the second and third instar stages with more rapid development across southern Alberta. The greatest development was predicted to be across all of the southern regions.

Grasshopper Scouting Steps: 

● Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.

● Starting at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump. 

● Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one meter width in front of the observer are counted. 

● A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one meter width.  However, after a few stops one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance. 

● At the end point the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure. 
● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshoppers:

0-2  per m² – None to very light damage
2-4  per m² – Very light damage
4-8  per m² – Light damage
8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola

12-24 per m² – Severe damage 
>24 per m² – Very severe damage


* For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.
* For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

Reminder:  Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – Predicted hatch was 71% (52% last week) with 30% of the population in the first instar, 26% second instar, 12% third instar and 2% in the fourth instar. Across the prairies, the mean developmental stage was second instar. The greatest development was predicted to be across southern regions in all three provinces. 





Grasshopper populations near Saskatoon were predicted to be primarily in the second instar this week with the appearance of third and fourth instars. Model output suggests that grasshopper development is slightly ahead of average development. Based on long term meteorological data, populations should be predominantly in the first and second instars with a low number being third instars. This week’s survey (SW of Saskatoon) indicates that most melanopline grasshoppers are already in the second and third numbers.  





Grasshopper Scouting Steps: 

● Measure off a distance of 50 m on the level road surface and mark both starting and finishing points using markers or specific posts on the field margin.

● Starting at one end in either the field or the roadside and walk toward the other end of the 50 m making some disturbance with your feet to encourage any grasshoppers to jump. 

● Grasshoppers that jump/fly through the field of view within a one meter width in front of the observer are counted. 

● A meter stick can be carried as a visual tool to give perspective for a one meter width.  However, after a few stops one can often visualize the necessary width and a meter stick may not be required. Also, a hand-held counter can be useful in counting while the observer counts off the required distance. 

● At the end point the total number of grasshoppers is divided by 50 to give an average per meter. For 100 m, repeat this procedure. 
● Compare counts to the following damage levels associated with pest species of grasshopers:

0-2  per m² – None to very light damage
2-4  per m² – Very light damage
4-8  per m² – Light damage
8-12 per m² – Action threshold in cereals and canola


12-24 per m² – Severe damage 
>24 per m² – Very severe damage



* For lentils at flowering and pod stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.
* For flax at boll stages, >2 per m² will cause yield loss.

Reminder:  Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – Simulation modelling is used to predict grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data is incorporated into the model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper). Predicted hatch for June 11, 2017, was 52% (23% last week) with 32% of the population in the first instar, 15% second instar and 15% third instar. 

The greatest development was predicted to be across southern regions in all three provinces, particularly southeastern Alberta and a region extending south from Swift Current/Regina to the US border. 



Grasshopper populations near Saskatoon were predicted to be primarily in the second instar with appearance of some third and fourth instars. This week’s survey (southwest of Saskatoon) agreed with model predictions with first collections of a few fourth instars.  





Model output for Grande Prairie indicates that development continues to be approximately 10 days later than locations across the southern prairies.

Reminder:  Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  



As of June 5, 2017, model output suggests that most of the population is still at the egg stage. However, recent warm conditions have advanced grasshopper development. Predicted hatch was 23% (17% first instar and 6% second instar) across the prairies (up from 7% last week). Development was predicted to be most advanced across southern regions in all three provinces, particularly southeastern Alberta and a region extending south from Regina to the USA border. 



Though it is still early in the growing season, grasshopper hatch can vary across the prairies. Model output indicates that development near Vauxhall is one week ahead of Saskatoon and three weeks faster than Grande Prairie. This suggests that peak hatch at Grande Prairie may not occur until late June.






The following image showing various stages of the clearwinged grasshopper is provided below – note that adults have wings extending the length of the abdomen whereas nymphs lack wings but develop wing buds that will eventually mature to wings.  


Reminder:
– The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2017 Grasshopper Forecast Map can be viewed here.  

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  



As of May 29, 2017, predicted mean embryological development was 77% (70% last week); the greatest development was predicted to be across southern regions in all three provinces, particularly southern Alberta (Fig. 1). Hatch was predicted for a few, isolated locations with approximately 7% hatch (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Predicted embryological development of Migratory grasshopper  (Melanoplus
sanguinipes) eggs across the Canadian prairies as of May 29, 2017.



For comparison, the map below (Fig. 2) indicates that the predicted M. sanguinipes hatch is actually slower than normal. This week, 93% of the population should be in the egg stage and 6.5% in the first instar. Predicted warm conditions for May 31 and June 1 should result in completion of the egg stage.  Though it is still early in the growing season, grasshopper hatch can vary across the prairies. 

Figure 2.   Predicted embryological development of Migratory grasshopper  (Melanoplus sanguinipes) eggs
across the Canadian prairies as of May 29, 2017, using Long Term Normal data.





Reminders:
– Review the predicted M. sanguinipes phenologies generated for Week 4 for Regina SK, Lethbridge AB and Grande Prairie AB.
– The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2017 Grasshopper Forecast Map can be viewed here.  

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  


As of May 22, 2017, predicted mean embryological development was 70% (66% last week); the greatest development was predicted to be across southern regions in all three provinces (similar to long term averages; Fig. 1).  

Figure 1.  Simulation model outputs mapped to predict the embryological development of Migratory grasshopper  (Melanoplus sanguinipes) eggs across the Canadian prairies as of May 15, 2017).
 
Model output indicates that development near Regina SK (Fig 2, Top) is slightly greater than Lethbridge AB (Fig. 2, Middle). Hatch in Lethbridge is predicted to be two weeks ahead of model predictions for Grande Prairie AB (Fig 2, Bottom). 
 



Figure 2. Predicted development of Migratory grasshoppers near Regina SK (Top), Lethbridge AB (Middle), and Grande Prairie AB (Bottom). 
 

 

Reminder – The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2017 Grasshopper Forecast Map can be viewed here.  


Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  


As of May 15, 2017, the predicted mean embryological development was only slightly ahead of last week at 66% (compared to 62% last week), and similar to long term averages (64%; Fig. 1). Although it is still early in the growing season, grasshopper hatch can vary across the prairies. For example, model output indicated that the hatch in Vauxhall AB was predicted to be about a week ahead of Saskatoon SK. As a result, timing of peak hatch could be 10-14 days earlier in Vauxhall than Saskatoon.


Figure 1.  Simulation model outputs mapped to predict the embryological development of Migratory grasshopper  (Melanoplus sanguinipes) eggs across the Canadian prairies as of May 15, 2017).


Reminder – The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2017 Grasshopper Forecast Map (Fig. 2) was released in January.  While spring temperatures, soil moisture conditions, and precipitation can all have an impact on overwintered grasshopper eggs, growers in areas highlighted orange or red in the map below should be vigilant as nymphs begin to hatch this season.

Figure 2. Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2017 Grasshopper Forecast Map.


Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  


As of May 8, 2017, predicted mean embryological development was 62% (56% last week); the greatest development was predicted to be across southern Saskatchewan. Embryological development was very similar to long term averages (60%) though well behind 2016 (74%). Hatch was not predicted for any locations. 

Reminder – The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2017 Grasshopper Forecast Map (Figure 1) was released in January.  While spring temperatures, soil moisture conditions, and precipitation can all have an impact on overwintered grasshopper eggs, growers in areas highlighted orange or red in the map below should be vigilant as nymphs begin to hatch this season.

Figure 1. Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2017 Grasshopper Forecast Map.


Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshopper Simulation Model Output – The grasshopper simulation model will be used to monitor grasshopper development across the prairies. Weekly temperature data collected across the prairies is incorporated into the simulation model which calculates estimates of grasshopper development stages based on biological parameters for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Migratory grasshopper).  


As of May 1, 2017, model output predicted embryological mean development was 56%; the greatest development was predicted to be across the southern prairies. Embryological development was very similar to long term averages (57%) though marginally slower than 2016 (62%).


Reminder – The Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2017 Grasshopper Forecast Map (Figure 1) was released in January.  While spring temperatures, soil moisture conditions, and precipitation can all have an impact on overwintered grasshopper eggs, growers in areas highlighted orange or red in the map below should be vigilant as nymphs begin to hatch this season.

Figure 1. Prairie Pest Monitoring Network’s 2017 Grasshopper Forecast Map.



Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, the BC Ministry of Agriculture and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” as an English-enhanced or French-enhanced version.

2017 Risk and Forecast Maps for the Prairies

The 2017 Prairie-Wide Risk and Forecast Maps can be viewed and downloaded here. Maps are generated for bertha armyworm, grasshoppers, wheat midge, cabbage seedpod weevil, pea leaf weevil, wheat stem sawfly, diamondback moth as well as average temperature, average precipitation, and modeled soil moisture for the Canadian prairies.


Thank you to the many people who monitor each growing season!  An astonishing 6414 survey stops were involved in the insect monitoring performed across the Canadian prairies in 2016!


Manitoba insect survey and forecast maps

Manitoba posts their 2016 Insect Survey and 2017 Forecast Maps up on their website! Take a moment to look over the following forecasts:

Manitoba growers can access general information on pest and beneficial insects from a series of fact sheets posted at the Insect section of their website.

More information related to the above maps and insects can be obtained by contacting Manitoba Agriculture entomologist John Gavloski.

Saskatchewan Insect Survey and Forecast Maps are available on Saskatchewan.ca

All the Saskatchewan Insect Survey and Forecast Maps and more can be found on Saskatchewan.ca ! To view all our agriculture maps check out our Maps for Farmers and Agribusiness section.

The Saskatchewan 2016 Bertha Armyworm moth accumulation map is posted.
The Saskatchewan 2016 Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Survey Map is posted.
Saskatchewan’s 2016 Pea Leaf weevil Survey Map can be viewed.
The Saskatchewan 2017 Grasshopper Forecast Map is posted now.
Also, the Saskatchewan 2017 Wheat Midge Forecast Map is posted now.

Saskatchewan growers can access general Insect pest information located under our Crop Protection section.

More information related to the above maps and insects can be obtained by contacting Saskatchewan Agriculture’s Scott Hartley or Danielle Stephens.

Alberta 2017 Forecast and 2016 Risk Maps plus updates to Alberta Agriculture and Forestry web pages

Alberta has posted their forecast and survey maps for several insect pest species occurring in field crops.  Visit their home page to view all the Alberta maps.

The following list and hyperlinks were provided by Shelley Barkley via the Alberta Insect Pest Monitoring Network.

Scott Meers, entomologist with Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, was interviewed and spoke about Alberta insect forecasts for 2017.  That series of five interviews can be access with the following hyperlinks:

  1. 2017 Wheat Stem Sawfly and Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Forecasts
  2. 2017 Pea Leaf Weevil Forecast
  3. 2017 Wheat Midge Forecast
  4. 2017 Bertha Armyworm Forecast
  5. Grasshoppers

Additionally, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry has updated their webpages with the following:

  1. They have created a graphic that illustrates the “range expansion” of 2 evil weevils in Alberta: pea leaf and cabbage seedpod.
  2. Similar graphics have been added to their bertha armyworm page.  Check out the past “six years of bertha armyworm moth” in Alberta which can be accessed via an hyperlink positioned on their bertha armyworm web page. 
  3. Their grasshopper page has been updated too – check out the “historic grasshopper maps” for Alberta via a hyperlink located on their grasshopper web page. 
  4. The past “eight years of sawfly” in Alberta can be accessed via a hyperlink located on their wheat stem sawfly web page.
  5. Remember, if you have access to a large format printer, a poster of the 6 Alberta insect forecast maps is available to print.

Weekly Update – Grasshoppers (Updated)

Grasshoppers (Acrididae) – Across the prairies the model indicates that 80% of the population should be in the adult stage. This is approximately 10% greater than average. Oviposition is predicted to be well underway and is most advanced in Manitoba and southeast Saskatchewan.  




In central Saskatchewan, grasshopper development is slightly ahead of average development. The following graph shows predicted grasshopper development at Saskatoon for August 7, 2016. The model indicates that oviposition is well underway.  


Melanopline development for Saskatoon (August 12, 2016) was 5.6. The most abundant species was M. dawsoni (40%), followed by M. bivittatus (21.6%).





Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” – both English-enhanced or French-enhanced versions are available.

Weekly Update – Grasshoppers

Grasshoppers (Acrididae) – This post has been updated!  Please view it here!

Weekly Update – Grasshoppers

Grasshoppers (Acrididae) – Across the prairies the model indicates that 80% of the population should be in the adult stage. This is approximately 10% greater than average. Oviposition is predicted to be well underway with oviposition being the most advanced in MB and SE SK.

Msang Oviposition.jpg
The following graph shows predicted grasshopper development at Saskatoon for August 7, 2016


Weekly Update – Grasshoppers

Grasshoppers (Acrididae) – In central Saskatchewan, grasshopper development is currently more than 1-2 weeks ahead of average development. 

The following graph shows predicted grasshopper development at Saskatoon for July 17, 2016. The model indicates that fourth and fifth instar numbers have peaked and that adult grasshopper numbers are increasing. 





The second graph illustrates grasshopper development (for Saskatoon) based on Long Term Normal (LTN) data. Based on average weather, the population should be primarily in the fourth instar with increasing numbers of fifth instars and adults. 

Sentinel site results in Saskatchewan (July 13, 2016) indicated that the mean melanopline instar was 3.4. Melanoplus dawsoni was the dominant species (40.4%), followed by M. bivittatus (21.6%). Melanopline adults have been collected for M. dawsoni, M. bivittatus and M. sanguinipes.


Reminders:
– The following image showing various stages of Camnulla pellucida is provided below – note that adults have wings extending the length of the abdomen whereas nymphs lack wings but develop wing buds that will eventually mature to wings.  

Figure 1. Life stages of Camnulla pellucida which including eggs, first-fifth instar nymphs and adult (L-R).


– Generally, the economic threshold for grasshoppers in cereals is 8-12 per square metre but will vary by crop and growing conditions.


Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” – both English-enhanced or French-enhanced versions are available.

Weekly Update – Grasshoppers

Grasshoppers (Acrididae) – Across the prairies, the predicted mean instar of Melanoplus sanguinpes is 4.5 with adults appearing in many areas across the prairies.  In central Saskatchewan, grasshopper development continues to be more than 2-3 weeks ahead of average development. 



The following graph shows grasshopper development at Saskatoon for 2016. The model indicates that fifth instar numbers are beginning to peak and that adult grasshopper densities are increasing. 




The second graph below illustrates grasshopper development (for Saskatoon) based on LTN data. Based on average weather, the population should be primarily in the third instar and fourth instars with increasing numbers of fifth instars.  Adults are not predicted to occur until July 19. 



Reminders:
– The following image showing various stages of Camnulla pellucida is provided below – note that adults have wings extending the length of the abdomen whereas nymphs lack wings but develop wing buds that will eventually mature to wings.  

Figure 1. Life stages of Camnulla pellucida which including eggs, first-fifth instar nymphs and adult (L-R).



– Generally, the economic threshold for grasshoppers in cereals is 8-12 per square metre but will vary by crop and growing conditions.


Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” – both English-enhanced or French-enhanced versions are available.

Weekly Update – Grasshoppers

Grasshoppers (Acrididae) – Previous model predictions related to hatch and nymphal instar development can be reviewed here.  


The following image showing various stages of Camnulla pellucida is provided below – note that adults have wings extending the length of the abdomen whereas nymphs lack wings but develop wing buds that will eventually mature to wings.  


Generally, the economic threshold for grasshoppers in cereals is 8-12 per square metre but will vary by crop and growing conditions.

Figure 1. Life stages of Camnulla pellucida which including eggs, first-fifth instar nymphs and adult (L-R).
Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” – both English-enhanced or French-enhanced versions are available.

Weekly Update – Grasshoppers

Grasshoppers (Acrididae) – Previous model predictions related to hatch and nymphal instar development can be reviewed here.  

For the week of June 19, 2016, warm conditions in southeastern Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba were predicted to result in enhanced grasshopper development. Across the prairies, grasshoppers should be between the first and fifth instars. The model predicted that approximately 15% of the population was predicted to be in the first instar, 35% second, 28% third, 13% fourth instar and just under one percent fifth instar.  Development is well ahead of average rates (22% first instar, 14% second instar and 10% third instar). 



In central Saskatchewan, grasshopper development is currently more than two weeks ahead of average development. The following graph shows grasshopper development at Saskatoon based on 2016 data. The model indicates that fifth instar grasshoppers should be present.





Now compare the above with the following graph which illustrates grasshopper development (for Saskatoon) based on long term normal (LTN) data.  The model indicates that  primarily first instars are predicted to be present with only the initial appearance of third instar nymphs. 



The following image showing various stages of the clearwinged grasshopper is provided below – note that adults have wings extending the length of the abdomen whereas nymphs lack wings but develop wing buds that will eventually mature to wings.  


Figure 1. Life stages of Camnulla pellucida  which including eggs, first-fifth instar nymphs and adult (L-R).


Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” – both English-enhanced or French-enhanced versions are available.

Weekly Update – Grasshoppers

Grasshoppers (Acrididae) – Previous model predictions related to hatch and nymphal instar development can be reviewed here.  

Reminder – Weekly surveying conducted by AAFC-Saskatoon Staff on June 2, 2016, confirmed that Melanoplines were primarily first and second instar stages although a few third instar nymphs were collected.

The following image showing various stages of the clearwinged grasshopper is provided below – note that adults have wings extending the length of the abdomen whereas nymphs lack wings but develop wing buds that will eventually mature to wings.  

Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” – both English-enhanced or French-enhanced versions are available.

Weekly Update – Predicted Grasshopper Development

Grasshoppers (Acrididae) – Warm temperatures in Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba were predicted to result in enhanced development. 


The model predicted that 41% of the hatch is complete (versus 23% last week). 


Approximately 25% of the population was predicted to be in the first instar whereas 11% were predicted to be in the second instar.  Development is well ahead of average rates (9% hatch, 7% first instar and 2% second instar). 






Weekly surveying conducted by AAFC-Saskatoon Staff on June 2, 2016, confirmed that Melanoplines were primarily first and second instar stages although a few third instar nymphs were collected.

The following image showing various stages of the clearwinged grasshopper is provided below – note that adults have wings extending the length of the abdomen whereas nymphs lack wings but develop wing buds that will eventually mature to wings.  




Biological and monitoring information related to grasshoppers in field crops is posted by the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network.  Also refer to the grasshopper pages within the new “Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada: Identification and management field guide” – both English-enhanced or French-enhanced versions are available.